language in the 1700's

 

Shakepspeare- Romeo and Juliet

Shakespeare- Romeo and Juliet

“ Two households, both alike in dignity

In fair Verona, where we lay our scene

From ancient grudge break to new mutiny

Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean.

From forth the fatal loins of these two foes

A pair of star-cross’d lovers take their life

Whose misadventured piteous overthrows

Do with their death bury their parents’ strife.”

My translation

Two families who are both similar in their views

This story happens in Verona

An old grudge has made a rebellion form between the two families

Where ordinary peoples genes are making ordinary people do bad things

The fatal body of two people

Two people in love kill themselves

An accidental death removes power

Because of their death, the parents end their anger.

Actual Translation

In the beautiful city of Verona, where our story takes place, a long-standing hatred between two families erupts into new violence, and citizens stain their hands with the blood of their fellow citizens. Two unlucky children of these enemy families become lovers and commit suicide. Their unfortunate deaths put an end to their parents' feud.

 

This is an extract from William Shakespeare’s ‘Romeo and Juliet’. This declarative is present at the beginning of the story, therefore giving the audience an overview of the entire story. Even though the text is not written in what we say is standard English in the present day, you can still work out what Shakespeare was trying to say due to the use of high frequency lexis’ such as ‘households, lovers and death’.

Many of the terms used from Shakespeare is still used today but are spelt differently. This includes the adjective ‘star-cross’d’ with the omission of the grapheme ‘e’ and so we see this spelling as ungrammatically correct. This term is an archetype as it is being used to explain two original people but are being expressed in literature. They are in love but cannot be in a relationship due to society and their parents not being excepting of it. When a letter is being missed in ‘star-cross’d’ , the noun ‘misadventured’ has added on the grapheme ‘d’ at the end. Although the meaning has stayed the same, the graphology of the word has shifted.

Amelioration has occurred with the word ‘loins’ as Shakespeare used it to refer to the genitalia of Romeo and Juliet’s parents . Although we still use the term in the phrase “the fruit of one’s loins” referring to children, the meaning of the word has changed. Because the noun ‘loins’ follows on from the negative term ‘fatal’ makes me believe that Romeo and Juliet may be seen as mistakes from their parents. Creating an upsetting view of their lives even before we realise they take their own lives.

holiday h/w - George transcript

Young readers should be corrected whenever they make a mistake

Positive Reinforcement is a vital aspect for a child to learn when they have used language grammatically correct. When George struggles to pronounce the low frequency lexis ‘sandbags’, his Mother uses the strategy of telling George to pronounce the individual phonemes which make up the compound word. By it being a compound word, George struggles with the unstressed sound of the grapheme‘d’ so when pronounced grammatically correct, his Mother enforces praise with ‘well done’ and therefore positive reinforcement.  Because George has identified that his Mother praises him when he does something correctly, later on in the transcript, George seeks positive reinforcement with the cloaked imperative ‘but he isn’t letting them get inside is he’. Although this question implies George already knows the answer, he is seeking reassurance from his Mother and gets it when she replies with ‘no’ which shows she agrees with him.

To allow a young reader to know when they have made a mistake, their face needs should be encountered for is you want to make a positive difference. When George misses out to pluralise the concrete noun ‘house’, his Mother picks up on him miscuing the ending so goes with the strategy of spelling out the phonemes he missed as she found this technique worked previous.  She follows on from this with a bold on record utterance ‘watch the endings’. Although this can be seen as a harsher more forward way to correct an early reader, by helping George via breaking up the phonemes first, mitigates the utterance. His Mother follows on with allowing George know he made another mistake with ‘nooo’ . The over-expanded use of the grapheme ‘o’, mitigates this negative reinforcement as she is caring for Georges face needs by not wanting him to feel of a lower status. This supports Goodman’s ‘Top Down’ approach with the Mother not giving George the answer but instead, allows him to self-correct.

Vygotsky believes that the help of others via scaffolding will improve a child’s understanding of something they do not already know, but will, with the help of an adult. George’s Mother uses scaffolding when she breaks up the compound word ‘sandbags’ into the separate concrete nouns ‘sand’ and ‘bags’. By George copying his Mother without being asked to, implies he wants to learn how to annunciate it clearly, as well as his Mother wanting him to with her praising him after with positive reinforcement of ‘well done’ . However, at the end of the transcript, George’s Mother immediately corrects his word-guessing error of ‘made’ with the correct word ‘may’.  The reason behind this may to preserve the flow of the utterance with the sentence George reading out, being relatively long. It could also be to keep George’s attention as he has been given lots of new information throughout the transcript and so may not remember anymore.

All in all, I believe a young reader should be corrected when they have made a mistake. This is because it allows them to identify a mistake in the future and hopefully self-correct, and the use of praise via positive reinforcement is important to allow the child know when they have pronounced everything correctly.

work in absence- 28th/29th

Reading words and saying them allowed seems to be an easy task many people undertake every day, But we do not understand the complexity of the cognitive processes which occur for one to read and speak words. The ‘children of the code project’ say that it is artificial for people to read an alphabetical orthography as the complex cognitive interaction, when the brain and environment work together, is unnatural. In history, children were not made to learn how to read until the King of Sweden made every child in his Kingdom learn. The defective orthography to read and take in information is a technical cognitive process supporting how the codes are confusing. Inconsistency of phonemes such as the morpheme ‘O’ is a challenge which takes time to understand as you cannot see how a morpheme is needed to be pronounced by the orthography. Turning this orthography to phonography is a particular language itself, coordinating different parts of the brain at once: from the temporal lobe- memory- , the Wernicke and Broca- for spoken language- and the occipital lobe for reading the orthography.

The power of writing allows an individual to appreciate the words in which we speak. When you start writing, only then you can refer back to what you have written unlike speech when you say what you think without reflecting on what you just said as you can think about your thoughts. The power of writing is underrated with people not understanding how writing allows you to really think about the words.  When you speak, you do not think about the spelling of the word and you will only be able to learn the spelling once you put pen to paper. Even on the computer, you are able to auto-correct the spelling of words without taking the role of the cognitive process to fully learn the correct spelling. This could be why people do not appreciate the power of writing as much as they did when reading and writing was first brought about. John Searle concludes the power of writing by saying ‘you would not be able to think as well as you can think if you didn’t have the word written down’.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f0n1LHCqbNs – what’s so difficult>?

http://www.childrenofthecode.org/Tour/c5/power.htm -The power of writing

work in absence 22nd

What are the most popular children’s authors for early years, infants and juniors?

Popular children authors include:

1. ‘We’re going on a bear hunt’ by Michael Rosen and Helen Oxenbury
2. ‘Room on the Broom’ by Julia Donaldson and Axel Scheffler
3. ‘Dear Zoo’ by Rod Campbell
4. ‘ The tiger who came for tea’ by Judith Kerr
5. ‘Hairy Maclary from Donaldson’s Dairy’ by Lynley Dodd
6. ‘ The tale of Peter Rabbit’ by Beatrix Potter
7. ‘The cat in the hat’ by Dr. Seuss

Books play a big part in a child life, considerably more in the early stages where books tend to be used to send a child to sleep. All these Books categorised as being the most popular children books contain some element of an animal, implying that young children enjoy and are drawn to books containing creatures.  It triggers their imagination with many of the characters the animals play not being a true representation of the animal. I believe this has made these books a success as it takes a child’s into a fantasy world. Many of the fictional characters in these books have a toy out; greater expanding the publicity as well as the popularity of the books. ‘The cat in the hat’ by Dr. Seuss is an example of when a character has been transformed into a toy, as well as a film, giving evidence of how the film is so popular. By it being a film, created a bigger audience for ‘The cat in the hat’, from children to families. These stories also have a rhyming style to them, making the stories flow and be more exciting to read. This will increase the attention a young child will have towards the story as an infant will get easily distracted and get bored of reading simple sentences which sound the same.

When I was younger a book I loved was ‘Hairy Maclary from Donaldson’s Dairy’ By Lynley Dodd because I liked how every different type of dog bread is unique and is being described with a rhythm behind it. I also liked how every time a new dog is being described, it is added to a list of the previous dogs which makes the book not only interesting, but a challenged as you take it upon yourself to remember the order of when the dogs get introduced. I think I remember this book because my parents also read this book when they were younger and it has been a book read by many people in my family. I think the title of the book also makes it catchy and easy to remember as it comes across as a bit of a tongue twister, making you repeat it to get it right and therefore it moves into your long-term memory.

In contrast, children get taught to read books using the ‘Biff, Chip and Kipper’ books with 80% of primary schools including them within their teaching methods. They have two types of these books; the Phonetic stories which are entertaining that focuses on giving children practice in letters and sounds, and On the other hand, you have the First stories that are motivating stories, helping children with their everyday language and to develop their vocabulary. There are 6 levels within these books, challenging the child the further along they go. This allows the child to create a connection with the characters throughout the whole time they are developing their reading skills which, implies a child learns more effectively when they have a connection with the book and can maybe relate to it. However, this does not broaden a child’s mind on the different genres of books there are available. With the ‘Biff, Chip and Kipper’ books al being an adventure genre, children are unable to explore genres such as romance, action and thriller (although thriller and horror genres not being very suitable for young ages).

Imitation and reinforcement are the most crucial tools for CLA

English essay

Imitation and reinforcement are the most crucial tools for CLA

Towards the end of the transcript, Tom uses an interrogative in the utterance ‘is (.) is dat your talker’ by using Halliday’s representational function to request facts and information. He uses this representational function by using over extension by category with the concrete noun ‘talker’ due to Tom not knowing what the object is himself. Due to Tom repeating the irregular verb ‘is’ suggests that he is thinking about what to call the tape recorder, reinforcing Vygotsky’s CLA stage as Tom is trying to independently think for himself. However, the use of the interrogative implies Tom is hinting for help with what to call the tape recorder showing intelligence due to him understanding that by putting the stative verb ‘is’ at the beginning, initiates a question. This gives evidence for Tom being in the Zone of Proximal Development as he understands he needs scaffolding to be able to get the correct term. The phonetic spelling of the determiner ‘dat’ is an immature pronunciation of ‘that’ suggesting Tom has not yet got the full idea of how to pronounce the morpheme ‘th’. In contrast, later on in the transcript, Tom pronounces ‘three’ correctly. This could be because his Mother replies with ‘that’s’ modelling the morpheme pronunciation or it could be a type error. As well as this, Tom uses the determiner ’your’ to refer to his Mother but because she replies with the interrogative ‘my talker?’ indicates that Tom did not make it clear  he was addressing his mum. This could be because he was either not close to his mother or that there was other people in the room at this point in time.

The second part of the Mothers utterance is a declarative with ‘that’s a tape recorder’.  Although negative reinforcement is being displayed with the mum using the standard form of  ‘that’s’, it seems to be modelling which is being taken place, with the subject being the proper noun ‘tape recorder’ and the Mother focusing on correcting Toms accuracy rather than his grammar.  This supports Brown and Hanson’s theory as they say children rarely get corrected on their grammar but more on truthfulness and politeness.

Before this part in the transcript, Tom asks the interrogative ‘is these drawing Cartoon Network cup of tea mum’.  Tom uses the irregular verb from ‘to be’ with the verb ‘is’ at the start of his utterance, which shows how Tom uses this regularly to begin his questions.  The missing agreement inflection with the determiner ‘these’ and the verb ‘is’, as well as with the subject ‘ drawing’, with the missing morpheme ‘s’, gives evidence of Tom being in the Telegraphic stage. This is because there is enough information for the sentence to just make sense even with it being grammatically wrong.  Due to children at this stage getting mixed up with objects and words, suggests that Tom may be overgeneralizing the proper noun ‘Cartoon Network’ with the picture on the cup. However, there is evidence of Tom moving into the post-telegraphic stage with Tom’s utterance containing 8 morphemes. The average number of morphemes for his age is 3.5 to 4 suggesting Tom is gaining more sophistication within his sentences. Tom ends his interrogative with the vocative ‘mum’ showing he may be seeking reinforcement as he is specifying who he wants reassurance from.

 The determiner ‘these’ has deictic reference as we do not know how close Tom is to the cup because young children are not normally allowed close to hot drinks. The noun phrase ‘cup of tea’ shows how Tom may know the liquid in the cup is hot even if he cannot see what is inside as he has learnt through language that people call a mug full of tea a ‘cup of tea’. The cup may not contain any tea so Tom may just associate mugs with the drink tea. Even though

this is an example of the symbolic stage which is normally found in 7 year olds plus, Tom is beginning to take in information through different forms such as language and because he has learnt this noun phrase, implies Tom has been around a cup of tea before. As a result, this may be a local topic. ‘Cartoon network’ is also a local topic for Tom due to it being a children’s channel, this implies that Tom will have some knowledge as to whether the picture is actually from this channel.  This proper noun also shows how Tom is in the iconic stage because he is remembering information through images.

Because Tom is not completely sure whether the picture is from Cartoon Network indicates Hallidays’ Heuristic function is being displayed, with Tom wanting to learn whether the picture on the cup is what he thinks it to be through a question. Halliday’s representational function is also present with Tom requesting information from his Mum, the information being whether the image displayed on the cup is from Cartoon Network.

All of this allows me to come to the conclusion that reinforcement is a crucial learning tool when it comes to a child understanding when they are right or wrong in terms of the language they use. Although many other learning tools are just as important such as the different stages in language and a child gaining different skills in how to learn language, if a child does not learn whether the language they have used is right or wrong, then they will not know whether they are using the correct grammatical terms.

My investigation

My investigation:

Dominance model-Zimmerman and West

I want to see whether Zimmerman and Wests Dominance model and how men are superior over woman can be challenged if the superior model is a woman stating her views on gender equality.

My research:

I am going to get women and men to listen and read the lyrics to Beyoncé song flawless and ask them about what they think about the message she is putting across and whether they agree

See if there is any difference between the opinions of men and women

Get them to listen to a cover of Beyoncé’s flawless (by a female) and see if their opinion changes as it isn’t Beyoncé singing it

If there is a difference I will be able to see that by Beyoncé being superior role model, affects people’s views on a topic.

If the results change, I will be able to see that the dominance model with the theory that men are superior over woman, influencing their language is incorrect in relation to women being able to be the superior role model and changing men and woman’s language and opinions.

How am I collecting my results :

I am going to have a set of questions I have previously created that I am going to ask my Participants and will have them written down in my phone. When I ask my participants I am going write down what they say into my phone underneath the question asked.

Variables:

My independent variables- the person singing the ‘Flawless’ song and the participants gender

My dependent variable- whether men and women’s language alter if the person singing about gender equality change from a superior women to a ‘normal’ women.

 

My Participants:

To make my investigation not about how opinions differ between the ages of females and males, I am going to use a male and female from the same age range.  

My brother and his girlfriend = in their teens

My mum and my uncle= in their 30s

My cousins = in their 20s

My Nan and grandad- in their 60s

 

 

Comparability:

I am going to be able to compare my results because I am going to be collecting data from females and males from the same age range. I will be able to compare the different opinions between the female and male from the same age group and the difference between the males and females as a whole. By comparing as a whole, I will get a wider range of results to see whether my hypothesis as well as Zimmerman and Wests theory is supported by my results. By comparing between the same age range I can also look to see whether my results differ between ages. If they do I will be able to tell whether Zimmerman and Wests theory relates more to a certain age group than others.

Ethics:

To make my research ethical, I will ask my participants if I am able to collect some date from them for my English coursework however I will not tell them what it is on and when I will collect the data. When I do collect my data, I will be collecting it on my phone so it does not make it obvious I am analyzing their language and will collect the results from the different singers singing the sonf on different days.

Deception- I am not lying to my participants due to my telling them it is for my English coursework

Consent- I have asked for their consent to collect some data

Withdraw- I am giving them the option to allow me to collect data from them allowing them the chance to withdraw. After I have collected my data I will also do a debrief and ask them if I am allowed to use my data for research.

Protection- To decrease the chance of any harm to my Participants, I am going to collect my results via a field experiment so my participants are in their own environment and will reduce psychological harm as they will not be put in any stress because I am going to relax my P’s via talking to them naturally for a while before I ask them about their opinion.

Confidentiality- After I have collected my data I will, debrief my P’s and ask them if I am allowed to use my data I have collected from them to do some closer analyzing .

Reliability:

My investigation is going to be reliable as I am going to be repeating my investigation in different age ranges which will give me a range of results that will reduce the effect of any anomalies. It is also going to be reliable because I am reducing the effect of observer paradox by telling my participants that I am collecting data but not when I am collecting it.

Word of Mouth Radio Broadcasts

Young Women as Linguistic Innovators

Post adolescent females lead language/linguistic change and is replicated in many different countries. People who speak Arabic  researched and found that men are behind in language and are more likely to use 'older' sounds. People speak the way they do to express identity, ambition a way of exerting authority status rejection -men has no motivation. Women pass on the way they speak to their children as they spend more time with the children in their early life, women also socialise and go out chatting more.

Social media-

new words that older people may not understand 'fleek' 'bae'

not the issue as everyone can coin words, more to do with how they perpetuate and get taken up from other generations.

LA has a change going on that a vocal feature known as 'vocal fry' is being used in young women at the full front and is young women using a creaky voice- nothing new change in progress?

Kim K uses this creaky voice when talking to Nick Grimeshaw at the end of her utterances.

This 'vocal fry' hasbeen around for along time and is used to seduce people and occurs in many languages.

why has it been picked up in LA? Is it due to reality stars like Kim K?

People in the USA have said that 'it sounds like hell' and that it 'may hurt womens job prospects and they wont get the job' . However language change is not always favoured and it is not just this vocal fry.

Women are a marked group and will attract a lot of attention via creaking.

giggling is also seen as attractive in young women and in the 1920's shrieking was seen as attractive.

Hallidays functions of speech

Hallidays Functions of speech

https://quizlet.com/21483539/child-language-acquisition-michael-hallidays-functions-of-speech-flash-cards/

Instrumental

Child uses language to express their needs.
Directly concerned with obtaining food, drink and comfort (e.g.) 'want juice.'

Regulatory

Child uses language to influence the behaviour of others.
Persuading/commanding/requesting others to do things (eg) 'go away.'

Interactional

Child uses language to develop social relationships and ease the process of interaction.
Concerned with the phatic dimension of talk (eg) 'I love you.'

Personal

Child uses language to express personal preferences and individual identity (eg) 'I am good.'
Sometimes referred to as the 'Here I am!' function - announcing oneself to the world.

Representational

Child uses language to exchange information. Concerned with relaying or requesting facts and information.

 Heuristic

Child uses language to learn of and explore the environment and to learn.
This may be questions and answers, or the kind of running commentary that frequently accompanies children's play (eg) 'What is the tractor doing?'

Imaginative

Child uses language to tell stories and jokes, and to create an imaginary environment.
May also accompany play as children create imaginary worlds, or may arise from storytelling.

In the Zachy transcript, Zachy uses a declarative to exchange information ‘I can’t get it up dere’. This is one of Hallidays representational functions of speech due to Zachy relaying information. Because Halla response with an interrogative ‘shall I help?’ implies that Zachy meant it as a cloaked imperative, making it seem as though Zachy was secretly asking for help. This therefore will convert the representational into an Instrumental as Zachy is using his language to express his needs.

Zachy uses Regulatory speech to influence the behaviour of Halla by using the verb ‘look’. This imperative Zachy uses requests Halla to ‘look’.

‘I don’t like bolognay’ is a form of Hallidays personal functions of speech due to Zachy expressing his personal preference. This declarative expresses how Zachy does not like Bolognese and uses a substitution for the concrete noun ‘Bolognese’ as he cannot pronounce it correctly.

Zachy uses an imperative to learn about his environment ‘mummy? What’s that lasagne?’ and uses the concrete noun ‘lasagne’ via over-expending category to understand why the food looks like lasagne. This is one of Hallidays Heuristic functions of speech.

When Halla talks to Zachy, she uses imaginative when talking to Zachy about the book ‘oh we’re in the railway station’. This uses imaginative as it creates an imaginary environment. Halla may of used this function to connect to Zachy more because children like to imagine themselves as being someone/somewhere else.

Stages of CLA

When a child is 2-4 months old, they start to make "comfort noises". These noises are usually for when the child is in contact with their caregiver therefore in response to them. This includes grunts and sighs being the earliest comfort sounds and 'coos' being later sounds.


When the child reaches around 7 months old, the infant extends their sounds to " canonical babbling" . This is when they extend their sounds by oral articulations and turning them into syllable-like sequences by opening and closing their jaws, lips and tongue.


At 10 months old, infants begin to utter words. They also use words that are not recognized in todays language. This word-like vocalizations  may consistently used by infants to express particular emotional states.

mini saga

She woke up. She forced the lies upon herself as she dressed. Going to school, facing the lies. Being accepted as someone she was not.

Now going to school I live the true me. My identity has been delayed by my body
But now he was born.
He is now me.

research - lifespan development

In the book 'Lifespan development' the third edition from Bee and Boyd I found out that at the age of 2 1/2 years, a child's average vocabulary at this age is 600 words which increases to 15,000 by the age of 5- 6.This was found by Pinker in 1994.
I also found out  that at 3 years old you have acquired the basic tools needed to form sentences and make conversation. This was found out by Bloom in 1991.
This book was published in the USA in 2001

10/05/2016 - paper one practice

Because ‘YouGov’ is a website which enables people to have an opinion on political issues, the use of engaging techniques allows the website to come across less dry. The form of address within the website name ‘YouGov’ shows how the receiver is their main priority because of the possessive pronoun ‘you’ , making the receiver feel important even if they were not the target audience as it is addressing you personally. By ‘you’ being in red emphasises the importance of the audience’s participation within this website. The interrogative ‘what would you like to do’ makes the audience want to engage within the website as it is asking about what you want but giving you options. The use of influential power will make the target audience of non ‘YouGov’ members feel excepted as well as them not using the governments lexical field when describing the group ‘YouGov members share their opinions…’. As it is partially to the right of the centre also highlights how significant it is for ‘YouGov’ to make you feel welcomed because the topic of politics is not very interesting.  Due to this, if this website was transferred into an article, it will only appeal to people who are already part of ‘YouGov’.

Because the ‘BBC News’ addresses the online article specifically to a target audience, the use of personal language will make the audience feel special. By the concrete noun ‘Bristol’ being included within the headline will connect to the discourse community of Bristolians straight away. Even though the topic of politics will narrow down the intrigued audience to people informed with the lexical field of politics, by the article being about ‘Bristol City Council’ could appeal to a wider audience of all Bristol residents as it could therefore affect them. This political power the article gains within the headline will make people want to read on and find out how this issue will affect them. This power is also obtained via the political party ‘Labour’ being included at the start. This is different to the ‘YouGov’ website which does not address a specific audience within its title therefore will appeal to a wider audience. This implies that the website is more desperate and in need of an audience as the audience’s participation is needed and the audience does not have to engage with the article. The purpose of the article and website could also effect this as the online article is to inform the audience and the website is to persuade the audience to express their view.

Accent and Dialect article

If it’s good enough for a potential Prime Minister its good enough for you!

Ed Milliband, along with many other people constantly in the public eye, wants to be able to connect with their audience if not with activities they embark on, but with their voice. Your accent can determine how well you are able to connect with these audiences and Milliband has realised this. To be able to ‘impress the voters’ he wants to vote for him in the upcoming election, Milliband uses regional dialect in his campaign and converges to their socailect. This shows how some accents are more appealing than others and in this case, Received Pronunciation is not favoured among the electorates. Giles, a professor from California, conducted some research on capital punishment and what accents are seen to be more persuasive. It was found that regional accents – like what Milliband is putting on to ‘impress the voters’- is seen as more persuasive than the prestigious accent of Received Pronunciation. Therefore showing how the ‘Oxford PPE-ist’ will be more appealing to a different type of socialect.

Your intelligence should not be determined on the accent you have obtained. Why should an accent such as Scouse or Geordie be looked down upon as being unwise and foolish, Making people from Liverpool and Newcastle gain a bad reputation? Ed Milliband is from an area which has an image of being an intelligent, middle-class, high end area of London, so obviously he needs all the help he can get to connect with ‘everyday’ people from working class backgrounds. But is the Labour leader mocking the non-standard English dialect by using statements like ‘it ain’t gonna be like that’ when trying to win over the public? Elisions such as ‘ain’t’ and ‘gonna’ can be used by a range of regional dialects along with Ed Milliband using it while his natural accent is Received Pronunciation. So why should slang be labelled as the working class socialect?

Transport and technology has been expanding for many years now allowing people to have access to connect with a wider range of people from different cities to countries. This development has therefore allowed accents to travel from place to place and now cities can have a mixture of different accents within them. So why should slang be labelled as the working class socialect? If people from Chelsea, a high end area of London, now being able to move to the Bristolian speaking city of Bristol easily, then surely these people will pick up some  ‘gurt lush’ Bristol dialect? Even if a Cambridge university graduate moves to Bristol and picks up some non-standard English phrases like ‘alright me lover’ and ‘proper job’, this does not mean that there intelligence has slipped. It just means that they are exploring new ways of communicating, and personally… I find it interesting learning new ways to say the same phrase.

The way you speak does not determine your intelligence and Berstein and Labov prove this. These researchers found that there is no clear link between spoken language and logical thoughts. So by Milliband using regional dialect, is he actually ‘mocking’ the working class intelligence? Surely he as a potential Prime Minister wants to seem wise and intellectual. By a frequently televised politician using laid back dialect and an approachable accent alongside it, surely people with these regional accents should also be seen as welcoming, intelligent and most of all…employable? Morrison’s don’t think so. They have quoted ‘nobody from Liverpool please’ when promoting job offers to the public. With Berstein and Labov’s results, it is proven that people with regional accents can be as intelligent as someone speaking in Received Pronunciation. If the Labour leader believes in using ‘everyday’ accents and dialect to ‘impress the voters’, why is the public themselves pushing away these unique accents?

holiday homework

Is this truly equality?

After 46 years David Cameroon has fixed the gender pay gap which has been fighting for justice. female workers are now paid the same if not more in some areas like healthcare and STEM roles, and women are finally getting the equality they have always deserved. Nevertheless, more could be said for our little ones. The famous toy collection of Barbie’s are bringing male Barbie’s to our shelves, but how is this inequality?

 The new brand of male Barbie’s will make all parents feel thankful towards ‘Mattel’ ( Barbie company) for making their little boys feel more welcome into playing with dolls, and allowing it to be seen as ‘normal’. But this is not why they have been developed. The manufacturing company of Barbie’s have said how this launch of new male Barbie’s is to ‘inspire girls to dream about what it’s like to hold a top-ranking job in the workforce’ and this is to ‘represent today’s culture’. But surely by making male Barbie’s is going against the stereotypes of today’s culture, so why not do it within the workplace?

When you hear the concrete noun ‘Doctor’, your instinct tells you that person is talking about a man. The use of marked terms relate to inequality in the workplace as you only initiate a work role with a women when the word 'female' is put in front of it. This does not say that men are the only people who can get higher jobs- like Barbie is- but still is showing distinct difference in authority in terms of a job. Why is Barbie shattering children’s dreams before they can come into a reality? Surely you as parents are the only people who can have a say as to what your children can and cannot do in terms of their future job?

Deborah Tannen, a theorist, came up with the idea that men and women are different in terms of how they evolve themselves within situations. One of these theories was that men look for status and women support during conversations.in relation to Barbie’s,’ Mattel ‘say how they have created these male Barbie’s to ‘inspire’ girls therefore supporting young females into thinking about their future. On the other hand, it is giving males the authority role with the Barbie wearing a uniform, initiating power over the other female Barbie’s. This inequality is being drummed into your young ones! and for what…to teach them that men rule the world? Margret Thatcher, Karren Brady and Marjorie Scardino are all powerful women who concord extraordinary jobs within business alone, without a male holding their hand. Woman can do it and who is a toy company to tell you any different.

These toy dolls have been manufactured to ‘inspire girls to dream’, so who is to stop them dreaming in a different perspective? Toys are for playing with and your young children, boy or girl, can play with these dolls however they want... am I right? Due to this, ‘girls can truly envision being anything at all’. Even though the male Barbie is in a suit, nothing is to say that a young child cannot play with it as a bin man and allow the female doll to be the’ boss'. Do not allow your little girl to be told what she can and cannot do in the future. Do not allow your little boy believe he is better than any girl he comes across. Do not allow your children to be shut down by stereotypes and labels the media has stamped on them. Labels are there to be pulled off.


https://thegenderblog.com/

work from tuesday 12th april

 

 

Labels do not determine your power

Why are all men addressed as ‘Mr’ married or not? [Pause for 3 seconds while making eye contact with many people]Is it because all men are equal no matter what their relationship status? [Quick pause]If it is to do with equality, then why are unmarried women addressed as ‘Miss’ and married ‘Mrs’?  Is sexism still a big part of humanity?

When you are sat in a classroom and you address the teacher as Mr – when male- you do not know whether [say it while using hands as a way of showing opposites] this male is neither married nor single. As a result, this does not affect how you see this person and you [making eye contact while pointing] do not see them beyond their personal power in the classroom. Do you not? But this is not the case when it comes to females [pause to give thinking time]. As soon as you here the teacher being addressed as Miss, you instantly know that she is not married. In some cases, this could be a sign that she is not [using the gesture for an apostrophe] ‘settled down’ –even though she may have been in a stable relationship for many years. This could either make you see this teacher not as powerful as she would be if married where she would be addressed as ‘Mrs’ as it is an official sign that this women is wed.

But marriage does not mean between a man and a women… [Pause for effect]

By stating this alone shows how the title of Miss or Mrs is not determined by a males power. How men do not determine a women’s status in her work place. Does a female not get a job purely on being a ‘Miss’ or Mrs’? NO [say louder, more passionate but not shouting] I know stereotypes will believe you to be married to the opposite sex but there is a stereotype for everything! Why should you [eye contact] when you are older feel ashamed in whom you marry?

If the concrete noun ‘Mr’ is used to address all men, then surely there is a reason, is it because men dominate conversation when it comes to communicating with the opposite sex? Zimmerman and West found that 95% of men interrupted during a conversation with females. The use of the noun ‘Mr’ therefore could be seen as the reason for why men perceive themselves of having a superior status. However, 5% [puts up 5 fingers] of these men did not interrupt in conversation. This implies that not all men are dominant within conversation and maybe it is to do with individual differences. Could men just be ruder? 

When a doctor or a Professor, the person- no matter what sex- is addressed as Dr for Doctor or Pro for Professor. They have [counting on fingers] the same job, personal power and status and [moving both hands outwards in synchrony] still seen as equal. But why is this seen as a surprise? [Pause for 2 seconds] This question I just made may be more of a shock to women as it does to men, because it is suggesting how women finally are seen as equals in the workplace to males. It might just be in these lexical fields but somewhere, someone has made the mend! As a doctor or a professor is [counting on fingers] a high paid, educated well-earned job, this equality may be a bribe. As men might say [Says sarcastically] ‘Some females are actually as good as we are when it comes to work so they can finally be seen as equals’ This is very old-fashioned views and is why I am saying how this inequality of women being picked out as not being married is wrong!

[Starts walking round as it is a bit of topic so can engage with people more with a laid back vibe]After the Second World War-[tilting head forward] before your time- working class mothers had to stay at home and look after the children. They were seen as stay at home wives and had this label of stay at home mothers. Females had neither time nor money to go and get a degree while the men went off to work .This divide with being married stay at home mothers and non-married women who were seen to not have a stable lifestyle has lived on until this day and age and it is now- I believe- outdated. We are not involved in a war in this country like we were in world war two so why live like it?

Berstein and Labov’s research oppose how women are classed as equals only when or if they become a doctor or professor, due to their results showing how a man’s perceived higher status is nothing to do with their intelligence. This just sums up how this labelling is outrageous and should never make you or any female feel less important or less manageable of having a high skilled job than men.

Labels do not determine your power… so don’t let them!

 

My audience is College students as I want to inform them on how having Labels do not determine the power you have and will have after college because these pupils will be going off and getting jobs and applying to university so need to know that nothing will stop them getting what they want if they try.

11/3/16-comparing two different types of text

 Comparing two different types of text

 This online news article from the Daily mail has many of the connotations you expect to see such as a header. The header makes you want to find out who drove the boy to commit suicide as the physical verb ‘driven’ allows the reader to know that someone made the ‘boy’ do it. By the header being in quotation marks, makes the incident seem more real than it already does as this states to the reader that someone physically said the words. ‘Driven to suicide by bullies’. There is also a comment and share link at the bottom of the page which is not present on normal articles you find in hardbacks as it is not capable of doing so. This will make the article reach out to a wider audience and give people to chance to read it even though they haven’t specifically gone onto the Daily Mail Online page. There are also side bars present on this online article which are more colourful thus striking as the article is in black and white with no images to instantly grab your attention.

Because this article is online to be able to read it -unless it has been shared- you will have to go online yourself and search it up. This implies that the audience may be looking for advice as they are manually ‘looking’ for the information.  This shows that you will only do this if you are interested in the topic or are looking for advice for others. On the other hand if it was in a newspaper, you would read it if your eyes come across it or you is concerned about the incident.

I believe that the primary audience of this article are people who know someone who is getting bullied, as if you’re getting bullied yourself you would not want to read about people committing suicide by something you are experiencing. As well as people looking for advice, I believe the primary audience will be woman as its proven that woman go onto the daily mail online website more than men. This could be why the sidebar articles are more ‘gossipy’ and celebrity based. The header to the article starts with the concrete noun ‘boy’ suggesting him being young and innocent. The use of this word may also be due to the audience being more female heavy as woman with children can relate as ‘boy’ implies someone who needs to be looked after and comforted as they are not an independent man yet.

A secondary audience however may just be a person who reads the daily mail regularly and if this is the case, they will be attracted to the type of news they broadcast (as well as this article).I also think this will be the older generation as the adverb ‘daily’ implies that there are updates 24/7 so new news frequently, Whereas teenagers -for example- will not read online articles every day even though teenagers are more likely to be online than any other age group. In addition to this, the article may be online to try and inform teenagers about suicides from bullying as the victim was nearly a teenager himself. But it could also be informing anyone else interested about the incidence.  A secondary purpose of this article may be to educate people on the extreme effects of bullying and as they have used a real life situation to do so, will allow people to relate more and hopefully not go down the same path-bullying or committing suicide because of it-.

When looking at this article you do not expect it to be colourful or have many images as it is a serious and miserable topic. On the other hand by having an image it may create an emotional attachment between the reader and the story. This also links to the expectations of an online article as you do expect online articles to catch your eye as you are able to click off and go on another article at any moment as easy as pressing a button. So I did not expect the sidebar adverts to be more appealing than the article itself as it will make the reader be drawn to those more reducing their attention on the article on the boys suicide.

 

 

 

This poster will be appealing to the younger eye as its geographical features make it less formal. This includes the gun image suggesting danger and pain and the word art which makes you want to give your attention to the poster, as it creates an urge to read it and find out what it says.

Posters have to stand out from others around it as posters are generally found in corridors so have to be attracted- as you will only be engrossed in it for a couple of seconds - and in this case, I expect this poster to be in a school or college. This is because it is more ‘fun’ with the words coming out of the gun in a waved form. Because of the capital letters and bright colour, the ‘STOP CYBER BULLYING’ phrase catches your eye first. The red implies importance and the connotations of it suggest fear, violence and hurt (colour of blood).On the other hand it also has the connotation of love which could be the creators love for the topic.

I think the targeted audience is young people- including teenagers – as cyber bullying occurs more in these generations as it is all over text (which is all what teenagers do now are days).In particularly though, I think it is aimed at bullies as the punchy simple sentence ‘STOP THE HATE’ is coming across in a demanding and not pleasant way as it is not asking…it is telling. I think the poster could also attract people who are maybe thinking of or getting into being a bully as the abstract nouns ‘hate’ and ‘hurt’ and the concrete noun ‘deaths’ imply hell therefore not a nice thing to be involved in. The word ‘hate’ suggests isolation for the person being hated upon which consequently, no one wants to be. ‘Hurt’ suggests pain and discomfort which can be either mental or physical so long term or short term. This shows how it can affect someone for their whole life and could make the bully or people who are becoming one think twice. The word ‘deaths’ suggest the end of a life for more than one person giving the impression that you could also affect other people and not just the person you are targeting .

The expected audience is also the bullies as the gun suggest power and authority over someone who is scared of you; you only have the power out of fright.

The purpose of this poster I believe is to persuade bullies to stop bullying and to persuade people to help in their own spare time as the verb ‘stop’ is commanding and patronising. A secondary purpose of this poster could be to inform people that by hating and hurting someone multiple times, you could end up killing them. This is because ‘STOP THE DEATHS’ is in a darker shade than ‘STOP THE HATE’. The darker shade implies that it is more serious as it is more visible rather than a faded red.

This poster has many of the expectations of a stereotypical poster such as the short and snappy quotes of repeated words like the verb ‘stop’ and the noun ‘words’. This  allows the reader to understand how weapons are not just guns, knives and bombs for instance, but can also be something as little as ‘words’ which you can control yourself. Therefore everyone is in control of their own personal weapon which can do more harm than others as it can kill without you knowing. This is shown in the quote ’words are weapons and words can kill’.

The poster and online article have a lot of differences and not just the different genres they are. The target audiences for each are opposite to the other with the article being aimed at people who are seeking help for others, or wanting to find out more about suicides due to bullying. Whereas the poster is aimed at bullies themselves due to the commanding verb ‘stop’  implying that they are trying to enforce the message onto people to stop bullying as ‘words kill’.

The geographical features are also different with the article only containing paragraphs of text while the poster is using the image of a gun to get the ‘hurt’ and ‘kill’ message across. This could be due to the fact the article is on a serious incident which generally happened and has an older audience and the poster is aimed at younger people who they are trying to get a messages across to so wanting to come across less formal and more friendly with images and word art.

The poster has used a range of different fonts and sizes whereas the article has stuck with one font and size throughout (apart from the header which has to stand out from the rest of the text to grab the audience’s attention).The range of fonts and sixes the poster has used makes it more alluring and the colour red along with it makes it alerting. Taking this into consideration, the article is more boring and less alluring than the poster as by looking at it, it does not look like an interesting read and so you will most likely scroll past a lot of it. However as the article is not on a wall and will only have your attention for a few seconds like a poster, it is able to conation more information. Another reason could be because they have not got a younger audience who do not like reading paragraphs of writing and this may well be the reason why the poster does not do this.

The purpose of the poster is to stop bullying from happening but the article contains a story where bullying has already occurred, and so is using this real life event for evidence –the poster does not contain any evidence so might be less convincing to some-.